Quiz 8
Module 9 (Learning)
Question 1
When Nick goes to sleep at his apartment, a train will run nearby in the middle of the night. Nick is able to sleep through it and barely notices the sound. His roommate begins to complain about the sound and how it keeps him up all night. Every night afterwards, Nick will wake up to the sound of the train. Which of the following explains why Nick now wakes up to the sound of the train?
A. Habituation
B. Conditioned Response
C. Sensitization
D. Stimulus generalization
Answer
C. Sensitization
His roommate sensitized him to the sound of the train through his complaining.
Question 2
James is a 4-year-old boy whose father enjoys doing some handyman work around the house on the weekends. After a few weeks James’s mother catches him using a plastic hammer on areas of the house his dad had been working on. According to the textbook, what type of learning is James exhibiting?
A. Operant Conditioning
B. Classical Conditioning
C. Non-Associative Learning
D. Social Learning
Answer
D. Social Learning
Social learning is when individuals learn by observing others.
Question 3
Donna gets in a car accident right outside of Hodges Library. Before the accident, she never was nervous driving, but now she experiences anxiety every time she passes the library. Based on this example, which of the following would be the US?
A. Driving the car
B. The feeling of anxiety
C. Hodges Library
D. The accident
Answer
D. The accident
The experience of the accident (US) would be what naturally elicits anxiety (UR).
Question 4
Ashley gives her dog, Max, a treat when she eats a chocolate chip cookie so he doesn’t feel left out. Now, every time Ashley opens the cookie jar, Max comes running. Which of the following statements accurately describes the type of conditioning being demonstrated by this example?
A. Operant conditioning; opening the cookie jar elicits the response.
B. Classical conditioning; Ashley has become conditioned to give Max a treat.
C. Classical conditioning; Max responds to a conditioned stimulus.
D. Operant conditioning; the action of running is a conditioned response.
Answer
C. Classical conditioning; Max responds to a conditioned stimulus.
The CS is the sound of the cookie jar. Before his experience with treats, this was a neutral stimulus.
Question 5
Your mom always nags you in the morning until you make your bed. You start making the bed as soon as you get up now and your mom no longer nags at you. What kind of operant conditioning is this?
A. Reward
B. Escape
C. Punishment
D. Omission
Answer
B. Escape
The removal of the negative reinforcer (the nagging) makes you more likely to do the behavior again (making the bed).
Question 6
According to the textbook, what is a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from Bandura’s Bobo Doll Study?
A. Children spontaneously show aggression
B. Only boys will act aggressively after being exposed to violence
C. Children will only act aggressively in a controlled environment
D. Children will act aggressively after being exposed to violence
Answer
D. Children will act aggressively after being exposed to violence
Bandura’s study demonstrated that children who had seen adults act aggressively toward the Bobo Doll were more than twice as likely to attack the Bobo Doll than those who had not seen adults act aggressively towards the Bobo Doll.
Question 7
Which of the following statements is correct regarding Classical Conditioning?
A. The US envokes a natural response.
B. The CS elicits a response without training
C. The CR is the strongest response
D. The UR is a voluntary response
Answer
A. The US envokes a natural response.
The US elicits the UR.
Question 8
Which of the following is an example of Classical Conditioning?
A. The sound of sirens, construction, and loud music outside of your new apartment keep you up at night. Over time, you gradually stop noticing the noise and begin to sleep better.
B. You listen to the same upbeat playlist every time you study for an exam. During summer break, you hear a song from that playlist and it makes you feel stressed.
C. Every time your roommate washes their dishes or cleans up the kitchen, you express appreciation and give them their favorite snack.
D. You see classmates color coding their notes and taking practice tests to study. The next time you study, you adopt a similar method.
Answer
B. You listen to the same upbeat playlist every time you study for an exam. During summer break, you hear a song from that playlist and it makes you feel stressed.
This is an example of classical conditioning, where the exam stress acts as the unconditioned stimulus and the stress and alertness as the unconditioned response. After associating the playlist and the exam stress, the upbeat playlist becomes the conditioned stimulus, and the stress and alertness becomes the conditioned response.
Question 9
Which of the following definitions best describes the Law of Effect in Operant Conditioning?
A. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are stamped in and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes are stamped out.
B. When contingencies are fully established between behaviors that lead to positive or negative outcomes, these behaviors are stamped in.
C. Behaviors that lead to reward are stamped in and behaviors that lead to punishment are stamped out.
D. Behaviors that do not lead to any outcomes are stamped in and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes are stamped out.
Answer
A. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are stamped in and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes are stamped out.
The Law of Effect is the association between behaviors and consequences.
Question 10
Which of the following correctly describes spontaneous recovery?
A. The process by which an individual learns to respond differently to similar stimuli based on past experiences.
B. The formation of a new conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus.
C. The diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
D. The re-emergence of a previously conditioned response after a period of extinction when the conditioned stimulus is presented again
Answer
D. The re-emergence of a previously conditioned response after a period of extinction when the conditioned stimulus is presented again
In stimulus recovery, a conditioned response that has diminished or decreased during extinction can reappear when the conditioned stimulus is presented again after a rest period.